Alternative Fuel
& Electric Vehicles
Most municipal vehicles are available as alternative fuel models—
typically compressed natural gas, hydrogen, ethanol, vegetable oil, methanol and/or electric (EV).
The Federal Energy Policy Act (EPAct) mandates that a certain percentage of state vehicles use alternative fuel, but local municipalities are usually free to make their own purchasing decisions.
In Bloomington–Normal, IL, EV Town is working to educate and promote the usage of electric vehicles within the community.
Acton, MA, is converting their municipal fleet to electric-powered vehicles and will soon introduce a fully hybrid police fleet.
Since 2011, Portland, OR, has been replacing its city vehicles with electric models, when possible. As of April 2016, Portland had purchased 50 electric vehicles. Read their Case Study.
Resources
Plug-in NC is a nonprofit located in North Carolina, promoting electric vehicles.
Drive Electric Minnesota is a partnership of Minnesota’s electric vehicle (EV) champions, dedicated to encouraging the deployment of EVs and the establishment of EV charging infrastructure through public-private partnerships, financial incentives, education, technical support and public policy.
Plug-In America is a nonprofit organization promoting the use of electric vehicles. Their extensive website has lots of useful information for municipal decision-makers.
References
[1] Maimoun, M., et al. (2016) Multi-level multi-criteria analysis of alternative fuels for waste collection vehicles in the United States. Science of the Environment, 550, 349-361
[2] Bae, C., & Kim, J. (2017). Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 36(3), 3389-3413.
[3] Stokes, L. C., & Breetz, H. L. (2018). Politics in the US energy transition: Case Studies of solar, wind, biofuels and electric vehicle policy. Energy Politics, 113, 76-86.